Ozempic helps the body secrete less glucagon (which makes blood sugar go up), and make more insulin. The main effect is that it significantly reduces appetite, and also causes the body to digest food slower.
The end result is that people eat a lot less while taking these drugs, thus leading to weight loss. And the reduction in blood sugar helps with diabetes.
Yes absolutely, lifestyle changes would be a much better way to combat obesity than taking a drug. How's that been working out? Diabesity is an epidemic. It's just really, really fucking hard for people to lose weight naturally in this society, where food is available 24 hours a day and junk food is delicious and cheap.
This drug has been life-changing for a lot of people, and has made the impossible, possible.
It takes forever to lose large amounts of weight, so it's extremely difficult for obese people. Lifestyle changes aren't effective enough. These drugs are absurdly expensive, so the government helping bring the costs down is a good thing. But we do need to monitor the long-term health benefits, and create programs to help wean people off them once the weight has been lost.
Problem 1 is that when you lose a large amount of weight, a certain percentage is going to be muscle, which is one point Fly made which is correct. This can be mitigated with exercise and weight lifting. Problem 2 is that people do tend to start gaining weight back once they come off the drugs, which is not because medical professionals are secretly satan-worshippers, but for reasons which should be fucking obvious. Obese people who have struggled for years to lose weight really do need to understand that this drug is like a miracle helping them finally do it, but they absolutely 100% need to change their lifestyle to keep the weight off.
Problem 3 is that non-obese people who shouldn't be on these drugs are taking them for cosmetic reasons.
Problem 4 is the side effects and long-term health questions. From what I know, the short-term side effects are minimal, really, compared to the benefits. The long-term effect of these drugs is still largely unknown. They have been studied for over a decade. There is some evidence it can lead to certain types of cancer.
Some more info in a relatively short article here:
Are in-demand drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy safe and effective? A Johns Hopkins expert explains
hub.jhu.edu