Gun show loophole is a political term in the United States referring to sales of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows, and within the secondary market.[1] The loophole refers to a perceived gap in the law with regard to sales or transfers of firearms between private citizens.[2] The concept may also be referred to as the Brady Law loophole and the private sale loophole. Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks of buyers to verify that the buyer is not prohibited from possessing a firearm. Private sellers are also not required to record the sale or ask for identification. Federal law prohibits private individuals from selling a firearm to a resident of another state, or to someone they know, or have reason to believe, is prohibited from owning a firearm.[3] Gun laws in the United States by state determine where the gun show loophole exists in addition to federal law. As of September 2015, 18 states and Washington, D.C. do require background checks for some or all private firearm sales.[4] This is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders, who are required by federal law to perform background checks of all buyers, and to record all sales, regardless of whether the sale takes place at a gun show or not.